Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.

The average number of books in a U.S. household is 114, according to a just-published paper called "Scholarly culture: How books in adolescence enhance adult literacy, numeracy and technology skills in 31 societies." 114 is a good number. The paper's authors studied 160,000 adults between 2011 and 2015 and found that just having 80 or more books in a home results in adults with significantly higher levels of literacy, numeracy, and information communication technology (ICT) skills. The paper finds, "Growing up with home libraries boosts adult skills in these areas beyond the benefits accrued from parental education or own educational or occupational attainment."
Children from such homes who ended up attaining just a high-school-level education "become as literate, numerate and technologically apt in adulthood as university graduates who grew up with only a few books." The study, led by Dr. Joanna Sikora of Australian National University, found the greatest gains in adult literacy, numeracy, and ICT skills when a home had from 80 to 350 books — no additional gains were seen above that number. Nonetheless, what constitutes a large library depends on where you are. Scandinavian families had the biggest collections: 14% of Norwegians and 13% of Swedes had 500+ books in their homes. Only a handful of countries, though, own fewer than 80 books on average: Chile, Greece, Italy, Singapore, and Turkey.
The study suggests that there are two factors at play here. First is the impact of growing up in a pro-knowledge/learning social environment, since "adolescent exposure to books is an integral part of social practices that foster long-term cognitive competencies." Second, reading often helps individuals develop related skills, and, as the study says, "Early exposure to books in the parental home matters because books are an integral part of routines and practices that enhance lifelong cognitive competencies." Moreover, "These competencies facilitate educational and occupational attainment, but they also lay a foundation for life-long routine activities that enhance literacy and numeracy."
Since the report found that "university graduates who grew up with hardly any books around them had roughly average literacy levels," it stands to reason that having books around the house is an excellent investment in a child's future. The authors write, "So, literacy-wise, bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage." The study's conclusions should be heartening to families around the world unable to provide higher education for their children. Having books around the house can substantially level the playing field in reading and math skills even without the expense of post-secondary time in the classroom.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.

The rapid advancement of AI has sparked intense debates about the potential implications for the future of work and the role of humans in a world increasingly driven by intelligent machines. While AI has already demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various domains, the question remains: Will AI replace humans? The answer is simply, NO.
This thought-provoking question indeed raises complex ethical, social, and economic considerations in the minds of many. But is it really true? While such a profound transformation stirs excitement and fear, it is crucial to delve deeper into the intricacies of this evolving relationship between AI and human existence. So, let us embark on a thought-provoking exploration as we navigate the potential scenarios, implications, and even the potential silver linings that lie within the controversial question of whether AI will surpass human capabilities and leave us, humans, obsolete.
In simple terms, the Intelligence shown by machines is generally referred to as Artificial Intelligence (AI). Or simply, the ability of a device or computer to emulate the processes of the human mind is known as Artificial Intelligence. At its core, AI is about creating intelligent machines that can mimic human intelligence. It’s like teaching computers to have their own brains’ that can perceive, reason, and make decisions based on data and patterns. Without a doubt, AI can do several chores quicker and better than human beings. But is it capable of replacing humans entirely?
AI has undoubtedly made significant strides, prompting concerns about its potential to dominate the world. However, such fears are largely disregarded by various organizations. While AI has showcased impressive capabilities in narrow domains, it still lacks fundamental attributes such as consciousness and self-awareness. AI systems heavily rely on human input and supervision, and their decision-making is driven by patterns and data rather than intentionality. The future, however, lies in collaboration between humans and AI, where the strengths of both can be leveraged for mutual benefit. By embracing responsible AI development, establishing ethical frameworks, and implementing effective regulations, we can ensure that AI remains a powerful tool that serves humanity’s interests rather than becoming a force of domination.
Human beings possess emotional intellect through which they can show emotions, express feelings, and read people instantly. For instance, businesses can not use AI as a substitute for all their customer service. Customers want to have personal communication as robots are not capable of showing compassion and sentiments to customers. Humans can share their feelings: enjoyment, sadness, happiness, hope, gratitude, optimism, kindness and others. Furthermore, it is hard to digest that AI can show all expressions and read other people’s emotions more favorably than a human being can do. In order to win the trust and loyalty of people, businesses would require human touch as people still prefer communicating with humans over robots. Artificial Intelligence-based machines or computers are capable of resembling human speech, but they don’t have any compassion and miss that human touch. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence can’t discover creative ways of resolving various rising problems because its code does not support it. It is well known that robots are coded to work within their frame. AI or Artificial Intelligence is not proficient in thinking critically through convoluted scenarios, analyzing context, developing complicated strategies.
Human vs technology, a riveting battle continues, captivating our imagination and sparking heated debates. Who, or what, deserves the crown of superiority? It’s a clash of wits, skills, and capabilities that surpasses mere existence. Humanity, armed with its remarkable cognitive abilities, stands tall. Our minds are a treasure box of creativity, innovation, and critical thinking. We possess the boundless power to dream, imagine, and create art, literature, and inventions that shape the world. Our emotional intelligence allows us to empathize, connect, and profoundly understand one another. It is the essence of our humanity that sets us apart.

Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in capitals.
There’s no home alone law in Australia that says how old children must be before they can be at home by themselves. But parent and carers are (28) ___________ responsible for looking after their children and keeping them safe. You’re the best judge of when your child is ready to be left at home alone. It’s not just about your child’s age – your child’s (29) ___________ is also important. For example, you might feel confident leaving a 12-year-old who’s very responsible but quite worried about a 15-year-old who takes a lot of risks. Being left at home alone is part of your child’s journey towards (30) ___________. It gives you the chance to shift responsibility to your child. You could even get your child to do some things around the house – for example, hanging out the washing or setting the table for dinner while you’re out. This can help your child feel (31) ___________ and develop useful skills like problem-solving. Even when you decide your child is mature enough to be home alone, you’re still responsible for their wellbeing and (32) ___________ at all times. So it’s important to prepare your child and your home for the experience.