The population in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is aging rapidly. The proportion of people (1)______ 60 years and above is expected to increase from 12% in 2010 to 33% by 2050, turning the PRC into the oldest population in the world. Health care costs and dependency ratios will increase in parallel.
Aging results in labor force shortages, which in turn increase average salaries undermining the economy's competitiveness. (2)______, if unaddressed, might hamper the industrial transformation process needed to attain higher income status.
Given the limited health resources and safety nets in the PRC, aging will exert financial pressure on (3)______, in particular long-term care for a growing number of elderly. This will aggravate fiscal constraints in local governments, who shoulder the bulk of providing these services.
While aging (4)______ great challenges, it also provides opportunities for employment generation and services development, which are priorities in the government reform agenda. However, capturing the benefits requires policy actions to speed up the transformation of the pattern of growth, coupled with labor market reforms and improved human capital to foster labor productivity. Higher public expenditure to finance the growing needs of the elderly, including (5)______, is also needed.

Volunteers are motivated by values like those of justice, equality and freedom as expressed in the United Nations Charter. A society which (1)___________ is likely to be a society which also promotes the well-being of its citizens.
More than 1 billion people volunteer globally, the majority of them serving in their own countries. Many are in the forefront of efforts to improve the way they and their fellow citizens are governed and engaged. Moreover, volunteers are (2)________ a vital role in making governments worldwide more accountable and (3)________ to their citizens.
They are working with governments and civil society to hold those in power to account and to represent the (4)________ of those who are often left out of development decisions such as women, youth and marginalized groups. (5)__________ is more inclusive and ultimately more effective development.

A social problem is an issue within the society that makes it difficult for people to achieve their full potential. Poverty, unemployment, unequal opportunity, racism, and malnutrition are (1)_______. So are (2)_______ housing, employment discrimination, and child abuse and neglect. Crime and substance abuse are also examples of social problems. Not only do social problems affect many people directly, but they also affect all of us indirectly. The drug-abusing driver becomes the potential traffic accident that doesn’t choose its victims by race, color, or creed (3)_______. Social problems tend to develop when we become neglectful and fail to see that serious problems are developing. Between 1988 and 1993, for example, the United States saw a phe-nomenal increase in youth violence. In my book about children who (4)_______ violent acts (Glicken, 2004b), I documented that children younger than age 12 cause one third of all fires resulting in death and that the average age of children who sexually abuse other children is younger than age 10. These are (5)_______ examples of social problems that affect all of us. (Source: https://us.sagepub.com)